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Why does cryolite lower the melting point of alumina?

Cryolite is used as a solvent to dissolve the alumina and then electrolyze it. Cryolite plays a key role here, solving the difficulty that alumina has a high melting point (up to 2,050 °C) and does not conduct electricity and cannot be electrolyzed alone. Once dissolved in cryolite, alumina can be electrolyzed at temperatures ranging from 940 °C to 980 °C. It is lighter than aluminum in the molten state, and the aluminum obtained by electrolysis sinks to the bottom of the tank, while the cryolite floats on top of it, preventing aluminum from being oxidized by air.

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